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Physicists Teleport Quantum Bits Over Long Distance
By John
Roach for National
Geographic News January 29, 2003
The
technology, known as
teleportation, involves taking away the material properties of an
object at one location and transferring the exact details of its
configuration to another location where it is reconstructed.
Quantum
teleportation is the
transferring of tiny units of computer information, called quantum bits
or qubits, from one location to another. The technology is referred to
as a type of teleportation because the information teleported behaves
more like an object than normal information.
"It is
quantum information,
which cannot be copied and cannot appear at the new location without
being destroyed at the old location," said William Wootters, a
physicist at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts who
co-authored a 1993 paper that outlined the theory of quantum
teleportation.
Scientists
treat quantum
information as if it were an object. The fact that the information
cannot be conveyed without first being destroyed also differentiates
quantum teleportation from faxing a document, which makes an imprecise
replica of the original at another location and leaves the original
intact.
"We
report the first
experimental long distance demonstration of this fascinating aspect of
quantum mechanics," said Nicolas Gisin, a physicist at the University
of Geneva.
His
team teleported qubits
carried by photons—particles of light—of 0.05 inch (1.3mm) wavelength
in one laboratory onto photons of 0.06 inch (1.55mm) wavelength in
another laboratory 180 feet (55 meters) away along 1.2 miles (2
kilometers) of fiber optic wire.
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